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Contents

Title and Copyright Information

Preface

• Audience
• Documentation Accessibility
• Related Documentation
• Conventions

Changes in This Release for Oracle Database Concepts

• Changes in Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2.0.1)
  • New Features
• Changes in Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
  • New Features
• Changes in Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1)
  • New Features

Part I Oracle Relational Data Structures

1 Introduction to Oracle Database

• About Relational Databases
  • Database Management System (DBMS)
  • Relational Model
  • Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)
  • Brief History of Oracle Database
• Schema Objects
  • Tables
  • Indexes
• Data Access
  • Structured Query Language (SQL)
  • PL/SQL and Java
• Transaction Management
  • Transactions
  • Data Concurrency
  • Data Consistency
• Oracle Database Architecture
  • Database and Instance
  • Database Storage Structures
    • Physical Storage Structures
    • Logical Storage Structures
  • Database Instance Structures
    • Oracle Database Processes
    • Instance Memory Structures
  • Application and Networking Architecture
    • Application Architecture
    • Networking Architecture
  • Multitenant Architecture
• Oracle Database Documentation Roadmap
  • Oracle Database Documentation: Basic Group
  • Oracle Database Documentation: Intermediate Group
  • Oracle Database Documentation: Advanced Group

2 Tables and Table Clusters

• Introduction to Schema Objects
  • Schema Object Types
  • Schema Object Storage
  • Schema Object Dependencies
  • SYS and SYSTEM Schemas
  • Sample Schemas
• Overview of Tables
  • Columns
    • Virtual Columns
    • Invisible Columns
  • Rows
  • Example: CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE Statements
  • Oracle Data Types
    • Character Data Types
      • VARCHAR2 and CHAR Data Types
      • NCHAR and NVARCHAR2 Data Types
    • Numeric Data Types
      • NUMBER Data Type
      • Floating-Point Numbers
    • Datetime Data Types
      • DATE Data Type
      • TIMESTAMP Data Type
    • Rowid Data Types
      • Use of Rowids
      • ROWID Pseudocolumn
    • Format Models and Data Types
  • Integrity Constraints
  • Table Storage
    • Table Organization
    • Row Storage
    • Rowids of Row Pieces
    • Storage of Null Values
  • Table Compression
    • Basic Table Compression and Advanced Row Compression
    • Hybrid Columnar Compression
      • Types of Hybrid Columnar Compression
      • Compression Units
      • DML and Hybrid Columnar Compression
• Overview of Table Clusters
  • Overview of Indexed Clusters
  • Overview of Hash Clusters
    • Hash Cluster Creation
    • Hash Cluster Queries
    • Hash Cluster Variations
    • Hash Cluster Storage
• Overview of Attribute-Clustered Tables
  • Advantages of Attribute-Clustered Tables
  • Join Attribute Clustered Tables
  • I/O Reduction Using Zones
    • Zone Maps
    • Zone Maps: Analogy
    • Zone Maps: Example
  • Attribute-Clustered Tables with Linear Ordering
  • Attribute-Clustered Tables with Interleaved Ordering
• Overview of Temporary Tables
  • Purpose of Temporary Tables
  • Segment Allocation in Temporary Tables
  • Temporary Table Creation
• Overview of External Tables
  • Purpose of External Tables
  • External Table Access Drivers
  • External Table Creation
• Overview of Object Tables

3 Indexes and Index-Organized Tables

• Introduction to Indexes
  • Benefits of Indexes
  • Index Usability and Visibility
  • Keys and Columns
  • Composite Indexes
  • Unique and Nonunique Indexes
  • Types of Indexes
  • How the Database Maintains Indexes
  • Index Storage
• Overview of B-Tree Indexes
  • Branch Blocks and Leaf Blocks
  • Index Scans
    • Full Index Scan
    • Fast Full Index Scan
    • Index Range Scan
    • Index Unique Scan
    • Index Skip Scan
    • Index Clustering Factor
  • Reverse Key Indexes
  • Ascending and Descending Indexes
  • Index Compression
    • Prefix Compression
    • Advanced Index Compression
• Overview of Bitmap Indexes
  • Example: Bitmap Indexes on a Single Table
  • Bitmap Join Indexes
  • Bitmap Storage Structure
• Overview of Function-Based Indexes
  • Uses of Function-Based Indexes
  • Optimization with Function-Based Indexes
• Overview of Application Domain Indexes
• Overview of Index-Organized Tables
  • Index-Organized Table Characteristics
  • Index-Organized Tables with Row Overflow Area
  • Secondary Indexes on Index-Organized Tables
    • Logical Rowids and Physical Guesses
    • Bitmap Indexes on Index-Organized Tables

4 Partitions, Views, and Other Schema Objects

• Overview of Partitions
  • Partition Characteristics
    • Partition Key
    • Partitioning Strategies
      • Range Partitioning
      • Interval Partitioning
      • List Partitioning
      • Hash Partitioning
      • Reference Partitioning
      • Composite Partitioning
  • Partitioned Tables
  • Partitioned Indexes
    • Local Partitioned Indexes
      • Local Prefixed and Nonprefixed Indexes
      • Local Partitioned Index Storage
    • Global Partitioned Indexes
  • Partial Indexes for Partitioned Tables
  • Partitioned Index-Organized Tables
• Overview of Views
  • Characteristics of Views
    • Data Manipulation in Views
    • How Data Is Accessed in Views
  • Updatable Join Views
  • Object Views
• Overview of Materialized Views
  • Characteristics of Materialized Views
  • Refresh Methods for Materialized Views
    • Complete Refresh
    • Incremental Refresh
    • In-Place and Out-of-Place Refresh
  • Query Rewrite
• Overview of Sequences
  • Sequence Characteristics
  • Concurrent Access to Sequences
• Overview of Dimensions
  • Hierarchical Structure of a Dimension
  • Creation of Dimensions
• Overview of Synonyms

5 Data Integrity

• Introduction to Data Integrity
  • Techniques for Guaranteeing Data Integrity
  • Advantages of Integrity Constraints
• Types of Integrity Constraints
  • NOT NULL Integrity Constraints
  • Unique Constraints
  • Primary Key Constraints
  • Foreign Key Constraints
    • Self-Referential Integrity Constraints
    • Nulls and Foreign Keys
    • Parent Key Modifications and Foreign Keys
    • Indexes and Foreign Keys
  • Check Constraints
• States of Integrity Constraints
  • Checks for Modified and Existing Data
  • When the Database Checks Constraints for Validity
    • Nondeferrable Constraints
    • Deferrable Constraints
  • Examples of Constraint Checking
    • Example: Insertion of a Value in a Foreign Key Column When No Parent Key Value Exists
    • Example: Update of All Foreign Key and Parent Key Values

6 Data Dictionary and Dynamic Performance Views

• Overview of the Data Dictionary
  • Contents of the Data Dictionary
    • Views with the Prefix DBA_
    • Views with the Prefix ALL_
    • Views with the Prefix USER_
    • The DUAL Table
  • Storage of the Data Dictionary
  • How Oracle Database Uses the Data Dictionary
    • Public Synonyms for Data Dictionary Views
    • Data Dictionary Cache
    • Other Programs and the Data Dictionary
• Overview of the Dynamic Performance Views
  • Contents of the Dynamic Performance Views
  • Storage of the Dynamic Performance Views
• Database Object Metadata

Part II Oracle Data Access

7 SQL

• Introduction to SQL
  • SQL Data Access
  • SQL Standards
• Overview of SQL Statements
  • Data Definition Language (DDL) Statements
  • Data Manipulation Language (DML) Statements
    • SELECT Statements
    • Joins
    • Subqueries
  • Transaction Control Statements
  • Session Control Statements
  • System Control Statement
  • Embedded SQL Statements
• Overview of the Optimizer
  • Use of the Optimizer
  • Optimizer Components
    • Query Transformer
    • Estimator
    • Plan Generator
  • Access Paths
  • Optimizer Statistics
  • Optimizer Hints
• Overview of SQL Processing
  • Stages of SQL Processing
    • SQL Parsing
    • SQL Optimization
    • SQL Row Source Generation
    • SQL Execution
  • Differences Between DML and DDL Processing

8 Server-Side Programming: PL/SQL and Java

• Introduction to Server-Side Programming
• Overview of PL/SQL
  • PL/SQL Subprograms
    • Advantages of PL/SQL Subprograms
    • Creation of PL/SQL Subprograms
    • Execution of PL/SQL Subprograms
  • PL/SQL Packages
    • Advantages of PL/SQL Packages
    • Creation of PL/SQL Packages
    • Execution of PL/SQL Package Subprograms
  • PL/SQL Anonymous Blocks
  • PL/SQL Language Constructs
  • PL/SQL Collections and Records
    • Collections
    • Records
  • How PL/SQL Runs
• Overview of Java in Oracle Database
  • Overview of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
    • Overview of Oracle JVM
    • Main Components of Oracle JVM
  • Java Programming Environment
    • Java Stored Procedures
    • Java and PL/SQL Integration
      • JDBC Drivers
      • SQLJ
• Overview of Triggers
  • Advantages of Triggers
  • Types of Triggers
  • Timing for Triggers
  • Creation of Triggers
    • Example: CREATE TRIGGER Statement
    • Example: Invoking a Row-Level Trigger
  • Execution of Triggers
  • Storage of Triggers

Part III Oracle Transaction Management

9 Data Concurrency and Consistency

• Introduction to Data Concurrency and Consistency
  • Multiversion Read Consistency
    • Statement-Level Read Consistency
    • Transaction-Level Read Consistency
    • Read Consistency and Undo Segments
      • Read Consistency: Example
      • Read Consistency and Interested Transaction Lists
  • Locking Mechanisms
  • ANSI/ISO Transaction Isolation Levels
• Overview of Oracle Database Transaction Isolation Levels
  • Read Committed Isolation Level
    • Read Consistency in the Read Committed Isolation Level
    • Conflicting Writes in Read Committed Transactions
  • Serializable Isolation Level
  • Read-Only Isolation Level
• Overview of the Oracle Database Locking Mechanism
  • Summary of Locking Behavior
  • Use of Locks
  • Lock Modes
  • Lock Conversion and Escalation
  • Lock Duration
  • Locks and Deadlocks
• Overview of Automatic Locks
  • DML Locks
    • Row Locks (TX)
      • Row Locks and Concurrency
      • Storage of Row Locks
    • Table Locks (TM)
    • Locks and Foreign Keys
      • Locks and Unindexed Foreign Keys
      • Locks and Indexed Foreign Keys
  • DDL Locks
    • Exclusive DDL Locks
    • Share DDL Locks
    • Breakable Parse Locks
  • System Locks
    • Latches
    • Mutexes
    • Internal Locks
• Overview of Manual Data Locks
• Overview of User-Defined Locks

10 Transactions

• Introduction to Transactions
  • Sample Transaction: Account Debit and Credit
  • Structure of a Transaction
    • Beginning of a Transaction
    • End of a Transaction
  • Statement-Level Atomicity
  • System Change Numbers (SCNs)
• Overview of Transaction Control
  • Transaction Names
  • Active Transactions
  • Savepoints
    • Rollback to Savepoint
    • Enqueued Transactions
  • Rollback of Transactions
  • Commits of Transactions
• Overview of Transaction Guard
  • Benefits of Transaction Guard
  • How Transaction Guard Works
    • Lost Commit Messages
    • Logical Transaction ID
  • Transaction Guard: Example
• Overview of Application Continuity
  • Benefits of Application Continuity
    • Use Case for Application Continuity
    • Application Continuity for Planned Maintenance
  • Application Continuity Architecture
• Overview of Autonomous Transactions
• Overview of Distributed Transactions
  • Two-Phase Commit
  • In-Doubt Transactions

Part IV Oracle Database Storage Structures

11 Physical Storage Structures

• Introduction to Physical Storage Structures
  • Mechanisms for Storing Database Files
  • Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM)
    • Oracle ASM Storage Components
    • Oracle ASM Instances
  • Oracle Managed Files and User-Managed Files
• Overview of Data Files
  • Use of Data Files
  • Permanent and Temporary Data Files
  • Online and Offline Data Files
  • Data File Structure
• Overview of Control Files
  • Use of Control Files
  • Multiple Control Files
  • Control File Structure
• Overview of the Online Redo Log
  • Use of the Online Redo Log
  • How Oracle Database Writes to the Online Redo Log
    • Online Redo Log Switches
    • Multiple Copies of Online Redo Log Files
    • Archived Redo Log Files
  • Structure of the Online Redo Log

12 Logical Storage Structures

• Introduction to Logical Storage Structures
  • Logical Storage Hierarchy
  • Logical Space Management
    • Locally Managed Tablespaces
      • Automatic Segment Space Management
      • Manual Segment Space Management
    • Dictionary-Managed Tablespaces
• Overview of Data Blocks
  • Data Blocks and Operating System Blocks
    • Database Block Size
    • Tablespace Block Size
  • Data Block Format
    • Data Block Overhead
    • Row Format
      • Row Header
      • Column Data
      • Rowid Format
  • Data Block Compression
  • Space Management in Data Blocks
    • Percentage of Free Space in Data Blocks
    • Optimization of Free Space in Data Blocks
      • Optimization by Increasing Free Space
      • Optimization by Coalescing Fragmented Space
    • Chained and Migrated Rows
  • Overview of Index Blocks
    • Types of Index Blocks
    • Storage of Index Entries
    • Reuse of Slots in an Index Block
    • Coalescing an Index Block
• Overview of Extents
  • Allocation of Extents
  • Deallocation of Extents
  • Storage Parameters for Extents
• Overview of Segments
  • User Segments
    • User Segment Creation
  • Temporary Segments
    • Allocation of Temporary Segments for Queries
    • Allocation of Temporary Segments for Temporary Tables and Indexes
  • Undo Segments
    • Undo Segments and Transactions
    • Transaction Rollback
    • Temporary Undo Segments
  • Segment Space and the High Water Mark
• Overview of Tablespaces
  • Permanent Tablespaces
    • The SYSTEM Tablespace
    • The SYSAUX Tablespace
    • Undo Tablespaces
      • Automatic Undo Management Mode
      • Automatic Undo Retention
  • Temporary Tablespaces
    • Shared and Local Temporary Tablespaces
    • Default Temporary Tablespaces
      • Creation of Default Temporary Tablespaces
      • Access to Temporary Storage
  • Tablespace Modes
    • Read/Write and Read-Only Tablespaces
    • Online and Offline Tablespaces
  • Tablespace File Size

Part V Oracle Instance Architecture

13 Oracle Database Instance

• Introduction to the Oracle Database Instance
  • Database Instance Structure
  • Database Instance Configurations
  • Read/Write and Read-Only Instances
  • Duration of a Database Instance
  • Oracle System Identifier (SID)
• Overview of Database Instance Startup and Shutdown
  • Overview of Instance and Database Startup
    • Connection with Administrator Privileges
    • How an Instance Is Started
    • How a Database Is Mounted
    • How a Database Is Opened
      • Read-Only Mode
      • Database File Checks
  • Overview of Database and Instance Shutdown
    • Shutdown Modes
    • How a Database Is Closed
      • How a Database Is Closed During Normal Shutdown
      • How a Database Is Closed During Abnormal Shutdown
    • How a Database Is Unmounted
    • How an Instance Is Shut Down
• Overview of Checkpoints
  • Purpose of Checkpoints
  • When Oracle Database Initiates Checkpoints
• Overview of Instance Recovery
  • Purpose of Instance Recovery
  • When Oracle Database Performs Instance Recovery
  • Importance of Checkpoints for Instance Recovery
  • Instance Recovery Phases
• Overview of Parameter Files
  • Initialization Parameters
    • Functional Groups of Initialization Parameters
    • Basic and Advanced Initialization Parameters
  • Server Parameter Files
  • Text Initialization Parameter Files
  • Modification of Initialization Parameter Values
• Overview of Diagnostic Files
  • Automatic Diagnostic Repository
    • Problems and Incidents
    • ADR Structure
  • Alert Log
  • DDL Log
  • Trace Files
    • Types of Trace Files
    • Locations of Trace Files
    • Segmentation of Trace Files
  • Diagnostic Dumps
    • Trace Dumps and Incidents

14 Memory Architecture

• Introduction to Oracle Database Memory Structures
  • Basic Memory Structures
  • Oracle Database Memory Management
• Overview of the User Global Area
• Overview of the Program Global Area (PGA)
  • Contents of the PGA
    • Private SQL Area
    • SQL Work Areas
  • PGA Usage in Dedicated and Shared Server Modes
• Overview of the System Global Area (SGA)
  • Database Buffer Cache
    • Purpose of the Database Buffer Cache
    • Buffer States
    • Buffer Modes
    • Buffer I/O
      • Buffer Replacement Algorithms
      • Buffer Writes
      • Buffer Reads
      • Buffer Touch Counts
    • Buffer Pools
    • Buffers and Full Table Scans
      • Default Mode for Full Table Scans
      • Parallel Query Execution
      • CACHE Attribute
      • KEEP Attribute
      • Force Full Database Caching Mode
  • In-Memory Area
  • Redo Log Buffer
  • Shared Pool
    • Library Cache
      • Shared SQL Areas
      • Program Units and the Library Cache
      • Allocation and Reuse of Memory in the Shared Pool
    • Data Dictionary Cache
    • Server Result Cache
      • SQL Query Result Cache
      • PL/SQL Function Result Cache
    • Reserved Pool
  • Large Pool
  • Java Pool
  • Streams Pool
  • Fixed SGA
• Overview of Software Code Areas

15 Process Architecture

• Introduction to Processes
  • Types of Processes
  • Multiprocess and Multithreaded Oracle Database Systems
• Overview of Client Processes
  • Client and Server Processes
  • Connections and Sessions
  • Database Operations
• Overview of Server Processes
  • Dedicated Server Processes
  • Shared Server Processes
  • How Oracle Database Creates Server Processes
• Overview of Background Processes
  • Mandatory Background Processes
    • Process Monitor Process (PMON) Group
      • Process Monitor Process (PMON)
      • Cleanup Main Process (CLMN)
      • Cleanup Helper Processes (CLnn)
      • Database Resource Quarantine
    • Process Manager (PMAN)
    • Listener Registration Process (LREG)
    • System Monitor Process (SMON)
    • Database Writer Process (DBW)
    • Log Writer Process (LGWR)
      • LGWR and Commits
      • LGWR and Inaccessible Files
    • Checkpoint Process (CKPT)
    • Manageability Monitor Processes (MMON and MMNL)
    • Recoverer Process (RECO)
  • Optional Background Processes
    • Archiver Processes (ARCn)
    • Job Queue Processes (CJQ0 and Jnnn)
    • Flashback Data Archive Process (FBDA)
    • Space Management Coordinator Process (SMCO)
  • Slave Processes
    • I/O Slave Processes
    • Parallel Execution (PX) Server Processes
      • Query Coordinator
      • Producers and Consumers
      • Granules

16 Application and Networking Architecture

• Overview of Oracle Application Architecture
  • Overview of Client/Server Architecture
    • Distributed Processing
    • Advantages of a Client/Server Architecture
  • Overview of Multitier Architecture
    • Clients
    • Application Servers
    • Database Servers
    • Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
  • Overview of Grid Architecture
• Overview of Global Data Services
  • Purpose of Services
  • Purpose of GDS
  • GDS Architecture
    • GDS Configuration
    • GDS Pools
    • GDS Regions
    • Global Service Managers
    • GDS Catalog
• Overview of Oracle Net Services Architecture
  • How Oracle Net Services Works
  • The Oracle Net Listener
    • Service Names
    • Service Registration
  • Dedicated Server Architecture
  • Shared Server Architecture
    • Dispatcher Request and Response Queues
      • Dispatcher Processes (Dnnn)
      • Shared Server Processes (Snnn)
    • Restricted Operations of the Shared Server
  • Database Resident Connection Pooling
• Overview of the Program Interface
  • Program Interface Structure
  • Program Interface Drivers
  • Communications Software for the Operating System

17 Oracle Sharding Architecture

• About Sharding
• Benefits of Sharding
• Components of the Oracle Sharding Architecture

Part VI Multitenant Architecture

18 Introduction to the Multitenant Architecture

• About the Multitenant Architecture
  • About Containers in a CDB
  • About User Interfaces for the Multitenant Architecture
• Benefits of the Multitenant Architecture
  • Challenges for a Non-CDB Architecture
  • Benefits of the Multitenant Architecture for Database Consolidation
  • Benefits of the Multitenant Architecture for Manageability
• Path to Database Consolidation
  • Creation of a CDB
  • Creation of a PDB
    • About PDB Creation
    • Creation of a PDB by Cloning
      • Creation of a PDB from a Seed
      • Creation of a PDB by Cloning a PDB or a Non-CDB
    • Creation of a PDB by Plugging In
      • Creation of a PDB by Plugging In an Unplugged PDB
      • Creation of a PDB from a Non-CDB
    • Creation of a PDB by Relocating
    • Creation of a PDB as a Proxy PDB
• Multitenant Environment Documentation Roadmap

19 Overview of the Multitenant Architecture

• Overview of Containers in a CDB
  • The CDB Root and System Container
  • PDBs
    • Types of PDBs
    • Purpose of PDBs
    • Proxy PDBs
    • Names for PDBs
    • Database Links Between PDBs
  • Data Dictionary Architecture in a CDB
    • Purpose of Data Dictionary Separation
    • Metadata and Data Links
    • Container Data Objects in a CDB
    • Data Dictionary Storage in a CDB
  • Current Container
  • Cross-Container Operations
• Overview of Commonality in the CDB
  • About Commonality in a CDB
    • Principles of Commonality
    • Namespaces in a CDB
  • Overview of Common and Local Users in a CDB
    • Common Users in a CDB
    • Local Users in a CDB
  • Overview of Common and Local Roles in a CDB
    • Common Roles in a CDB
    • Local Roles in a CDB
  • Overview of Privilege and Role Grants in a CDB
    • Principles of Privilege and Role Grants in a CDB
    • Privileges and Roles Granted Locally in a CDB
      • What Makes a Privilege or Role Grant Local
      • Roles and Privileges Granted Locally
    • Roles and Privileges Granted Commonly in a CDB
      • What Makes a Grant Common
      • Roles and Privileges Granted Commonly
    • Grants to PUBLIC in a CDB
    • Grants of Privileges and Roles: Scenario
  • Overview of Common and Local Objects in a CDB
  • Overview of Common Audit Configurations
  • Overview of PDB Lockdown Profiles
• Overview of Applications in an Application Container
  • About Application Containers
    • Purpose of Application Containers
      • Key Benefits of Application Containers
      • Application Container Use Case: SaaS
      • Application Containers Use Case: Logical Data Warehouse
    • Application Root
    • Application PDBs
    • Application Seed
  • Application Common Objects
    • Creation of Application Common Objects
    • Metadata-Linked Application Common Objects
      • Metadata Links
    • Data-Linked Application Common Objects
    • Extended Data-Linked Application Objects
  • Application Maintenance
    • About Application Maintenance
    • Application Installation
    • Application Upgrade
      • How an Application Upgrade Works
      • Applications at Different Versions
    • Application Patch
  • Migration of an Existing Application
  • Implicitly Created Applications
  • Application Synchronization
  • Container Maps
• Overview of Services in a CDB
  • Service Creation in a CDB
    • Default Services in a CDB
    • Nondefault Services in a CDB
  • Connections to Containers in a CDB
• Overview of Tablespaces and Database Files in a CDB
• Overview of Availability in a CDB
  • Overview of Backup and Recovery in a CDB
  • Overview of Flashback PDB in a CDB
• Overview of Oracle Resource Manager in a CDB

Part VII Oracle Database Administration and Application Development

20 Topics for Database Administrators and Developers

• Overview of Database Security
  • User Accounts
    • Privileges
    • Roles
    • Privilege Analysis
    • User Profiles
  • Database Authentication
  • Encryption
    • Network Encryption
    • Transparent Data Encryption
  • Oracle Data Redaction
  • Orientation
    • Oracle Database Vault
    • Virtual Private Database (VPD)
    • Oracle Label Security (OLS)
  • Data Access Monitoring
    • Database Auditing
      • Audit Policies
      • Audit Administrator Roles
    • Unified Audit Trail
    • Enterprise Manager Auditing Support
    • Oracle Audit Vault and Database Firewall
• Overview of High Availability
  • High Availability and Unplanned Downtime
    • Site Failures
    • Computer Failures
    • Storage Failures
    • Data Corruption
    • Human Errors
  • High Availability and Planned Downtime
    • System and Database Changes
    • Data Changes
    • Application Changes
• Overview of Grid Computing
  • Database Server Grid
    • Scalability
    • Fault Tolerance
    • Services
  • Oracle Flex Clusters
  • Database Storage Grid
• Overview of Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence
  • Data Warehousing and OLTP
  • Data Warehouse Architecture
    • Data Warehouse Architecture (Basic)
    • Data Warehouse Architecture (with a Staging Area)
    • Data Warehouse Architecture (with a Staging Area and Data Marts)
  • Overview of Extraction, Transformation, and Loading (ETL)
  • Business Intelligence
    • Analytic SQL
    • OLAP
    • Oracle Advanced Analytics
      • Oracle Data Mining
      • Oracle R Enterprise
• Overview of Oracle Information Integration
  • Federated Access
    • Distributed SQL
    • Database Links
  • Information Sharing
    • Oracle GoldenGate
    • Oracle Database Advanced Queuing (AQ)
      • Message Queuing and Dequeuing
      • Oracle Database Advanced Queuing Features

21 Concepts for Database Administrators

• Duties of Database Administrators
• Tools for Database Administrators
  • Oracle Enterprise Manager
    • Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control
    • Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express 12c
  • SQL*Plus
  • Tools for Database Installation and Configuration
  • Tools for Oracle Net Configuration and Administration
  • Tools for Data Movement and Analysis
    • SQL*Loader
    • Oracle Data Pump Export and Import
    • Oracle LogMiner
    • ADR Command Interpreter (ADRCI)
• Topics for Database Administrators
  • Backup and Recovery
    • Backup and Recovery Techniques
    • Recovery Manager Architecture
    • Database Backups
      • Whole and Partial Database Backups
      • Consistent and Inconsistent Backups
      • Backup Sets and Image Copies
    • Data Repair
      • Oracle Flashback Technology
      • Data Recovery Advisor
      • Block Media Recovery
      • Data File Recovery
    • Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance
      • Benefits of Recovery Appliance
      • Recovery Appliance Environment
  • Memory Management
    • Automatic Memory Management
    • Shared Memory Management of the SGA
    • Memory Management of the Instance PGA
    • Summary of Memory Management Methods
  • Resource Management and Task Scheduling
    • Database Resource Manager
    • Oracle Scheduler
  • Performance and Tuning
    • Database Self-Monitoring
    • Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)
    • Automatic Database Monitor (ADDM)
    • Active Session History (ASH)
    • Application and SQL Tuning
      • EXPLAIN PLAN Statement
      • Optimizer Statistics Advisor
      • SQL Tuning Advisor
      • SQL Access Advisor
      • SQL Plan Management

22 Concepts for Database Developers

• Duties of Database Developers
• Tools for Database Developers
  • SQL Developer
  • Oracle Application Express
  • Oracle JDeveloper
  • Oracle Developer Tools for Visual Studio .NET
• Topics for Database Developers
  • Principles of Application Design and Tuning
  • Client-Side Database Programming
    • Embedded SQL
      • Oracle Precompilers
      • SQLJ
    • Client-Side APIs
      • OCI and OCCI
      • ODBC and JDBC
  • Globalization Support
    • Globalization Support Environment
      • Character Sets
      • Locale-Specific Settings
    • Oracle Globalization Development Kit
  • Unstructured Data
    • Overview of XML in Oracle Database
    • Overview of JSON in Oracle Database
      • What Is JSON?
      • JSON and XML
      • Native Database Support for JSON
    • Overview of LOBs
      • Internal LOBs
      • External LOBs
      • SecureFiles
    • Overview of Oracle Text
    • Overview of Oracle Multimedia
    • Overview of Oracle Spatial and Graph

Glossary

Index